Pengertian Haji Dan Umrah Serta Ketentuan-ketentuannya
Pengertian Haji
Kata haji berasal dari bahasa Arab yang berarti menyengaja atau menuju.
Sedangkan menurut istilah adalah menyengaja berkunjung ke Baitullah untuk beribadah kepada-Nya bagi yang mampu dalam waktu yang telah ditetapkan dengan rukun dan syarat tertentu.
Adapun umrah disebut juga haji kecil yang bisa dilaksanakan kapan saja kecuali pada waktu tertentu.
Macam-macam Haji
- Haji Ifrad : artinya haji terpisah, yaitu melakukan ibadah haji secara terpisah dengan ibadah umroh akan tetapi ibadah haji didahulukan dari ibadah umroh. Jenis Haji dengan cara ini lebih utama.
- Haji Tamattuk : artinya bersenang-senang, yaitu melakukan ibadah haji terpisah dengan ibadah umroh, akan tetapi ibadah umroh didahulukan daripada ibadah haji.
- Haji Kiran : artinya terpadu, yaitu cara mengerjakan haji dan umrah secara bersamaan.
Bagi jamaah haji yang melaksanakan haji kiran dan haji tamattuk maka akan dikenakan dam atau denda menyembelih seekor kambing.
jika tidak mampu maka wajib berpuasa 3 hari di masa haji (di Makkah) dan 7 hari ketika sampai ke tanah air, jumlah semuanya 10 hari.
Syarat-syarat Wajib Haji
1. Islam
2. Baligh
3. Berakal
4. Mampu dalam segala aspek seperti kesehatan, keamanan dan biaya, baik biaya untuk dirinya dalam perjalanan maupun kepada keluarga yang ditinggal.
Perbedaan Antara Rukun dan Wajib Haji atau Umroh
Rukun : Jika salah satu rukun tidak dilaksanakan maka hajinya tidak sah dan tidak boleh diganti dengan dam.
Wajib : Sesuatu yang harus dilaksanakan dan jika tidak dilaksanakan maka boleh diganti dengan dam dengan menyembelih kambing.
Rukun Haji
1. Ihram : Berpakaian ihram dan niat ihram serta haji.
2. Wukuf di Arafah : Pada tanggal 9 Zulhijjah
3. Tawaf
4. Sa’i
5. Tahallul
6. Tartib
3. Tawaf
4. Sa’i
5. Tahallul
6. Tartib
Wajib Haji
1. Ihram dari miqat
Adapun Miqat yang telah ditentukan antara lain:
- Bagi penduduk Makkah Miqat hajinya dari tempat tinggal mereka.
- Zul Hulaifah (Bir Ali) Bagi jamaah haji yang datang dari arah Madinah.
- Juhfah untuk jamaah haji dari Syam dan maghribi (Daerah-daerah sebelah barat)
- Yalamlam untuk jamaah haji dari Yaman.
- Qarnu untuk jamaah haji dari Hijaz.
- Zati ‘Irqin untuk jamaah haji dari daerah timur.
- Adapun Miqat Umroh bagi bagi jamaah dari tanah Haram (Makkah) adalah tanah halal seperti Ji’ranah, Tan’im atau Hudaibiyah.
2. Bermalam di Mina selama 2 atau 3 malam pada hari tasyrik (tanggal 11,12 dan 13 zulhijjah).
3. Melempar Jumrah ‘Aqabah pada 10 zulhijjah.
4. Melempar Jumarah yang tiga (Jumrah Ula, wustha dan ‘Aqabah)
5. Meninggalkan segala perbuatan yang diharamkan.
Rukun Umrah
1. Ihram
2. Thawaf
3. Sa’i
4. Tahallul (Mencukur)
5. Tartib
Wajib Umrah
1. Ihram dari Miqat
2. Meninggalkan Larangan-larangan.
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