Definisi Puasa
Artikel edisi kali akan kita bahas definisi puasa. Muncul istilah dan sebutan yang berbeda di kehidupan sehari-hari, ada yang mengatakan pengertian shaum, definisi shaum, ataupun pengertian shiyam.
Pengertian dan definisi adalah sinonim untuk men jelaskan arti puasa menurut bahasa maupun istilah. Adapun shaum dan shiyam adalah kata bahasa arab yang akan kita bahas pada pengertian puasa secara bahasa.
Sebagai seorang yang beriman, sangat penting bagi kita untuk mengetahui definisi puasa secara bahasa dan istilah. Karena puasa adalah bagian dari rukun Islam.
Terkadang dalam ujian atau tes keagamaan kita sering juga di minta untuk men jelaskan pengertian puasa menurut bahasa dan istilah.
Untuk memahami definisi puasa itu sendiri kita harus terlebih dahulu tau maksud puasa dari segi bahasa dan istilah.
Kata puasa, shaum, ataupun shiyam diambil dari kata mashdar dalam bahasa Arab (صام-يصوم-صَوْمٌ-صيَامٌ) yang berarti (الإمسك) al-imsak, yang berarti menahan atau mengendalikan.
Secara garis besar arti puasa secara bahasa adalah menahan diri dari segala perbuatan ataupun perkataan.
Kenapa disebut perkataan disini, karena ada yang namanya puasa perkataan, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan oleh Maryam ibunda Nabi Isa a.s, Pada suatu hari beliau bernazar berpuasa bicara. (lihat Q.S Maryam ayat : 26)
Pengertian puasa menurut bahasa adalah menahan diri dari perbuatan atau perkataan tertentu yang dapat membatalkan puasa itu sendiri.
Untuk mengetahui pengertian puasa menurut istilah, kita tinjau dari istilah syara’. Karena puasa sangat berkaitan dengan syariat Islam.
Maksud puasa dari segi istilah syara’ dalam beberapa kamus arab antara lain:
- Kamus Al-wasith :
الصوم شرعا هو إمسَاكٌ عن المفطرَات من طُلوع الفجر إلَى غروب الشمس مع النياث
Pengertian puasa menurut istilah syara’ adalah Menahan diri dari segala sesuatu yang membatalkan puasa, mulai dari terbit fajar hingga terbenam matahari beserta niat.
- Kamus Al-ghaniy :
يمسك فيه عن الطعام والشراب من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس
Mengendalikan diri (seseorang) pada bulan ramadhan dari makanan dan minuman sejak terbit fajar sampai terbenamnya matahari.
- Kamus Ar-raaid :
إمتناع عن الأكل والشرب في أوقات معينة من السنة واليوم
Puasa adalah mencegah dari makan dan minum pada waktu-waktu tertentu baik dari puasa tahunan maupun puasa harian.
Dapat kita simpulkan bahwa pengertian puasa secara istilah adalah : menahan diri dari segala sesuatu hal yang akan membatalkan puasa, melai dari terbit matahari hingga terbenam matahari, dengan niat, syarat dan rukun tertentu dan pada waktu tertentu.
Jadi, jika suatu ketika teman-teman diminta untuk men jelaskan pengertian puasa menurut istilah, baik iru puasa wajib maupun puasa sunnah, itulah jawaban lengkapnya.
Definisi imsak
Definisi imsak menurut bahasa berasal dari kata bahasa arab (أمسك – يمسك – إمساك) yang berarti memegang, mengendalikan, atau menahan.
Adapun secara istilah, imsak adalah menahan atau mengendalikan sesuatu untuk kepentingan sesuatu dan dalam kurun waktu tertentu.
Imsak dalam pembahasan puasa adalah menahan diri atau mengendalikan diri dari makan, minum dan segala sesuatu yang membatalkan puasa dari sahur hingga berbuka.
Istilah imsak sering kita pakai saat berpuasa “udah imsak” artinya sudah mulai untuk menahan lapar dan dahaga.
Adapun jadwal imsakiyyah adalah jadwal yang dibuat untuk menentukan waktu-waktu tertentu dalam puasa seperti waktu mulai untuk sahur atau waktu untuk berbuka. Jadwal imsakiyyah sering kita temukan di bulan ramadhan untuk membantu kita dalam penjadwalan puasa.
Definisi puasa ramadhan
Definisi puasa ramadhan seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas adalah menahan diri dari segala sesuatu hal yang akan membatalkan puasa, dari terbit fajar sampai saat terbenam matahari di bulan ramadhan dengan syarat dan ketentuan tertentu.
Definisi ramadhan
Pengertian ramadhan secara bahasa
Penambahan huruf alif dan nun setelah huruf dha menandakan penegasan atau bersangatan dalam kaidah bahasa Arab.
Dinamakan Ramadhan karena bulan ini dikhususkan untuk membersihkan badan dan hati dari segala noda dosa.
Barang siapa yang berpuasa dengan baik dan benar sebulan penuh di bulan ramadhan ia akan mendapatkan rahmat sebaik hujan yang turun setelah musim panas.
Adapun definisi bulan ramadhan menurut istilah adalah bulan ke-9 dalam penanggalan tahun hijriyyah letaknya setelah bulan syakban dan sebelum bulan syawwal.
Bulan ramadhan adalah bulan di mana diwajibkannya berpuasa bagi ummat Islam, dan merupakan bagian dari rukun Islam.
Definisi takjil
Kata takjil paling popular ketika bulan ramadhan tiba, semua orang akan membutuhkan yang namanya takjil.
Takjil atau ta’jil berasal dari kata bahasa Arab (تعجيل) yang berarti bersegera, atau hal yang dipakai untuk menyegerakan, ini selurus dengan takjil yang diartikan masyarakat Indonesia khususnya, yaitu makanan untuk berbuka, atau makanan yang digunakan untuk menyegerakan berbuka puasa.
Definisi fidyah
Fidyah secara bahasa berarti tebusan. Adapun menurut istilah, fidyah adalah sesuatu yang diberikan kepada orang tertentu dari harta atau selainnya sebagai ganti daripada hal-hal yang tidak mungkin dilakukan dalam hal-hal ibadah, seperti orang yang tidak mampu berpuasa karena sakit keras.
Menurut yang disampaikan Ustaz Abdul Somad dalam salah satu tausiyah tanya jawabnya mengatakan orang yang sakit atau musafir mengganti puasa ramadhan di bulan yang lain, adapun orang yang sakit keras dan tua renta membayar fidyah memberi makan orang miskin.
Kesimpulan
Itulah penjelasan lengkap tentang Definisi puasa. Mulai dari pengertian puasa menurut bahasa dan istilah, definisi imsak, definisi fidyah, definisi kata ramadhan hingga definisi takjil yang saya kira sangat penting untuk kita tau.
Semoga yang saya jelaskan pengertian puasa secara bahasa dan istilah, dan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan puasa diatas, bisa teman-teman fahami dan ambil manfaat, amiin. Untuk Ketentuan-ketentuan puasa kita bahas pada artikel mendatang ya… Terimakasih.
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