Pada dasarnya mubtada’ dan khobar itu hukumnya rofa’. Namun, ketika ada amil nasab masuk ke mubtada’ maka manshub-lah mubtada’. Adapun khobar tetap rofa’.
Huruf-huruf yang menashab mubtada dan merofa’ khobar ada 6:
- إِنَّ : Sesungguhnya
- أَنَّ : Bahwasanya
- كَأَنَّ : Umpama, seperti
- لَكِنَّ : Namun, akan tetapi
- لَيْتَ : Andai, kalau saja
- لَعَلَّ : Semoga
Note:
Terjemahannya sewaktu-waktu bisa berubah sesuai konteks pembahasan.
Dalam beberapa kitab nahwu, pembahasan tentang huruf-huruf ini dijelaskan dalam bab inna wa akhowatuha “إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا”.
Huruf-huruf tersebut menashab mubtada, mubtada’ tersebut disebut juga dengan isim inna serta merofa’ khobar.
Fungsi atau faedah umum dari huruf-huruf ini adalah sebagai berikut:
• إِنَّ وَأَنَّ : Fungsi inna dan anna ada dua; Taukid nisbah (penegasan) & Nafi syak (menghilangkan keraguan).
Taukid berfungsi jika lawan bicara tahu yang dibicarakan. Misalnya lawan bicara sudah tau bahwa gula itu manis, maka ketika pembicara mengatakan hal tersebut kepada orang yang sudah tau bahwa gula itu manis adalah sebagai penegasan.
Nafi syak atau menghilangkan keraguan berfungsi jika lawan bicara ragu-ragu terhadap sebuah pernyataan. Misalnya lawan bicara ragu bahwa asuransi aman, maka ketika pembicara mengetakan hal tersebut menggunakan inna atau anna adalah sebagai penghilang keraguan.
• كَأَنَّ : Tasybih (perumpamaan)
• لَكِنَّ : Istidrak (ulasan)
• لَيْتَ : Tamanni (angan-angan). Arti angan-angan disini adalah permintaan atau harapan yang tidak mungkin terpenuhi. Seperti berharap waktu muda kembali.
• لَعَلَّ : Tarajji (harapan)
Contoh:
إِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ : Sesungguhnya zaid itu berdiri
بَلَغَنِيْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا نَائِمٌ : Dia mengatakan kepadaku bahwa sesungguhnya zaid itu tidur
كَأَنَّ حَامِدًا اَسَدٌ : Muhammad seperti singa (dalam keberanian)
قَامَ عَلِيٌّ لَكِنَّ زَيْدًا جَالِسٌ : Ali berdiri, namun zaid duduk
لَيْتَ الوَقْتثُ عَائِدٌ : Andai waktu itu kembali
لَعَلَّ المَطَرَ نَازِلٌ: Semoga hujan segera turun
Contoh i’robnya:
Perhatikan tabel berikut ini:
| إِنَّ الأَرْضَ وَاسِعٌ |
| حَرْفُ التَّوْكِدِ والنَّصْبِ تَنْصِبُ الإِسْمَ وَتَرْفَعُ الخَبَرَ | إنَّ |
| إسْمُ إِنَّ مَنْصُوْبٌ بِهَا وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِيْ أَخِرِهِ | الأَرْضَ |
| خَبَرُ إِنَّ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ | وَاسِعٌ |
إِنَّ الأَرْضَ وَاسِعٌ : Sesungguhnya bumi itu luas
إِنَّ : Huruf taukid juga huruf nashab, tugasnya menashab isim dan merofa’ khibar
الأَرْضَ : Isim inna yang manshub dengannya, tanda nashabnya fathah yang dhohir pada huruf akhir
وَاسِعٌ : Khobar inna, tanda rofa’nya dhummah
Contoh i’rob lainnya:
| أَنَّ الأُسْتَاذَ مَرِيْضٌ |
| حَرْفُ التَّوْكِدِ والنَّصْبِ تَنْصِبُ الإِسْمَ وَتَرْفَعُ الخَبَرَ فَائِدَتُهُ لِنَفِيْ الشَّكِّ | أَنَّ |
| إسْمُ أَنَّ مَنْصُوْبٌ بِهَا وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِيْ أَخِرِهِ | الأُسْتَاذَ |
| خَبَرُ إِنَّ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ | مَرِيْضٌ |
| كَأَنَّ حَامِدًا اَسَدٌ |
| حَرْفُ التَّشْبِيْهِ والنَّصْبِ تَنْصِبُ الإِسْمَ وَتَرْفَعُ الخَبَرَ | كَأَنَّ |
| إسْمُ كَأَنَّ مَنْصُوْبٌ بِهَا وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِيْ أَخِرِهِ | حَامِدًا |
| خَبَرُ كَأَنَّ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ | اَسَدٌ |
| لَعَلَّ المَطَرَ نَازِلٌ |
| حَرْفُ التَّرَجِي والنَّصْبِ تَنْصِبُ الإِسْمَ وَتَرْفَعُ الخَبَرَ | لَعَلَّ |
| إسْمُ لَعَلَّ مَنْصُوْبٌ بِهَا وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِيْ أَخِرِهِ | المَطَرَ |
| خَبَرُ لَعَلَّ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ | نَازِلٌ |
Kata Kuncihttps://www ghoorib com/2020/09/huruf-yang-menashab-mubtada-dan-merofa-khobar-إنَّ-وَأَخَوَأتُهَاhtml -
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