Bilangan mubham yang perlu penjelasan adalah bilangan 11 ke atas hingga 100.
Contoh tamyiz bilangan:
مَلَكْتُ تِسْعِيْنَ نَعْجَةً : aku memiliki 90 biri-biri
Kata yang bercetak biru adalah tamyiz, sedangkan yang bercetak merah adalah bilangan yang mubham (samar). artinya masih muncul pertanyaan, 90 apa yang ia miliki?
2. Takaran (المِقْدَارُ)
Adapun takaran-takaran yang dianggap mubham (samar) antara lain:
• كَيْلٌ : Menurut sukatan
• قَفِيْزًا : Skala yang digunakan pada zaman dulu, di setiap negara jumlahnya berbeda-beda, menurut perkiraan mesir modern, 1 Qofiz setara dengan16 kg. Dari segi luas 1 Qofiz setara dengan 144 hasta.
• بُرًّا : Biji gandum
• مَوْزُوْنٌ : Menurut timbangan
• مَنًا : Alat timbang semacam tongkat
• سَمْنًا : Minyak samin / ghee
• مِسَاحَةُ : Menurut area
• شِبْرًا : Sejengkal tangan
• أَرْضًا : Tanah
Contoh tamyiz miqdar:
إِشْتَرَيْتُ شِبرًا أَرْضًا : aku membeli sejengkal tanah
3. Mirip Takaran (شِبْهُ المِقْدَارِ)
Adapun sesuatu yang menyerupai takaran antara lain:
• سِقَاء : Sekantong air
• نِحْى : Mangkuk dari tanah liat (wadah ekstraksi minyak samin)
• مِتْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ : Seberat atom, partikel
Dalam tafsir An-nasaibury, 70 zarrah sama beratnya dengan 1 sayap nyamuk, 70 sayap nyamuk sama beratnya dengan 1 biji gandum barley kering yang dipotong kedua ujungnya.
تَفَقَّأَ بَكْرٌ شَهْمًا : Unta muda mengeluarkan minyak
وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا : Dan kepalaku sudah dipenuhi uban
Kata yang bercetak merah adalah faa’il (pelaku), sedangkan yang bercetak biru adalah tamyiz.
2. Muhawwil dari maf’ul
Contoh:
وَفَجَّرْنَا الأَرْضَ عُيُوْنًا : Dan kami buat bumi menyemburkan mata air2
Kata yang bercetak merah adalah maf’ul, sedangkan yang bercetak biru adalah tamyiz.
3. Muhawwil selain faa’il & maf’ul
Contoh:
زَيْدٌ أَكْرَمُ مِنْكَ أَبًا : Zaid lebih mulia dari kamu (dari segi) ayah
عَلِيٌّ أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا : Ali lebih banyak dari kamu (dari segi) harta
Ghairu Muhawwil
Contoh:
إِمْتَلَأَ الإِنَاءُ مَاءً : Bejana dipenuhi air
Syarat Tamyiz
Adapun syarat tamyiz ada 2:
1. Mesti Nakirah
Artinya, bentuk nisbah harus berupa isim nakirah yang manshub.
2. Mesti sesudah sempurna kalam
Dikatakan sudah sempurna kalam, jika sudah ada didalam sebuah kalimat tersebut fi’il & faa’il.
Pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan: Apa perbezaan antara Hal dan Tamyiz dalam ilmu nahwu?
Jawab: Keduanya sama-sama menjelaskan dan merincikan sesuatu yang mubham (samar) untuk menghilangkan kerguan. Bezanya Hal menjelaskan kelakuan, sedangkan tamyiz menjelaskan zat dan nisbah.
Apa bedanya tamyiz di dalam ilmu Nahwu dan tamyiz di dalam ilmu fiqih?
Jawab: Tamyiz dalam ilmu nahwu adalah isim mansub yang merincikan kata sebelumnya yang merupakan suatu zat atau nisbah (dari segi) yang masih samar.
Sedangkan tamyiz dalam ilmu fiqih adalah orang yang sudah mampu membezakan antara haq dan bathil atau mampu membedakan antara yang baik dengan yang buruk.
Sumber: Kitab Kawakib Ad-Durriyyah Kamus Al-Waseet Kamus Al-Ghaniy
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