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Dominasi Lahjah Quraisy di Negara-Negara Arab dan Faktor-faktornya

Dominasi Lahjah Quraisy di Negara-Negara Arab dan Faktor-faktornya


Lahjah adalah dialek atau logat dalam bahasa Indonesia. Lahjah berasal dari kata bahasa Arab ( لهجة ). Lahjah dalam kamus Al-waseth adalah bahasa yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok orang dan mereka terbiasa dengannya. Lahjah disebut juga sebagai bunyi kalam.

Lahjah dalam isitilah keilmuwan modern adalah kumpulan dari sifat-sifat linguistik yang dimiliki oleh lingkungan tertentu, dan setiap individu dalam lingkungan tersebut menggunakan sifat-sifat bahasa itu.[1]

Lahjah sama artinya dengan dialek, atau dialect dalam bahasa inggris yang mengacu pada variasi bahasa yang merupakan karakteristik dari suatu kelompok penutur bahasa tertentu. [2]

Lahjah adalah bahasa kolektif yang digunakan orang Arab pada zaman dahulu untuk merangkai pidato yang menggugah dan menguntai syair-syair yang indah, mereka meng-istilahkan bahasa yang dipakai bersama tersebut dengan istilah lahjah fushah.

Sesekali lahjah ini juga disebut dengan lahjah Quraisy, kepada seorang nabi akhir zaman yang berasal dari sukuquraisy pula diturunkannya Al-qur’an yang menjadi petunjuk bagi seluruh manusia. Bahkan sebagian peneliti menamakan lahjah ini dengan istilah Qurasyiyyah.

Bahkan lahjah fushah ini sudah tertanam dalam jiwa para salaf sebagai lahjah Quraisy, karena sefasih-fasih penutur bahasa Arab adalah orang Quraisy.

Faktor-faktor Dominasi Lahjah Quraisy di Negara-Negara Arab

Ada banyak sekali faktor pendukung yang menjadikan suku Quraisy mendominasi Arab dalam aspek kepemimpinan, peradaban, dan bahasa sebelum Islam. Diantara faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain:

  1. Posisi kota diduduki suku Quraisy, orang Quraisy mendiami Makkah Al-Mukarramah dan seluruh bangsa Arab melaksanakan haji di kota tersebut sehingga bisa diakui bahwa suku Quraisy punya otoritas keagamaan atas jazirah Arab.
  2. Faktor ekonomi, pasar-pasar yang terdapat di Makkah membuat kota tersebut populer dari segi ekonomi pula, posisinya yang berada diantara Syam dan Yaman menjadikan suku Quraisy memiliki posisi yang strategis daripada suku-suku yang lain.
  3. Faktor kebudayaan, para saudagar, pedagang, penyair dan pembicara mereka bolak-balik ke pasar-pasar di Makkah sehingga menjadikan tempat itu sebagai forum kebudayaan dan sastra.
  4. Faktor politik dan geografi, kota Makkah terletak sangat jauh diantara Persia, Romawi, dan Habsyah sehingga aman dari konflik yang terjadi antar negara-negara tersebut. Sementara orang Arab di Syam, Irak, Yaman, dan pinggiran jazirah Arab selalu terkena bahaya dari musuh-musuh mereka, sehingga bahasa Arab mereka banyak bercampur dengan bahasa Asing. Sedang Orang suku Quraisy hidup dalam kemerdekaan dan kebebasan.
  5. Ayyamul ‘arab, adalah peperangan diantara suku-suku dan pinggiran jazirah Arab karena sebab-sebab tertentu.
  6. Bahasa Quraisy yang luas dan berlimpah, bahasa Arab suku Quraisy sangat terhormat, dan kaya akan materinya, dan terhindar dari aib-aib.
  7. Al-Qur’an diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang notebene sebagai Quraisy dan berbahasa Arab.
BACA JUGA :  Percakapan Bahasa Arab Beserta Artinya untuk Mahasiswa

Faktor-faktor inilah yang menyebabkan suku Quraisy mendominasi dan menjadi pelopor bahasa Arab di negara-negara Arab.

Footnote
Dr. Ibrahim Anies, Fi Al-Lahjah Al-‘Arabiyyah (Kairo: Maktabah Al-Anjalo, 2003), hal. 15
Oxford Living Dictionaries

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