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Puasa Sunnah
Pengertian Puasa Sunnah
Puasa sunnah adalah puasa selain puasa wajib, apabila dikerjakan akan mendapat pahala namun jika tidak dikerjakan tidak berdosa. Puasa sunnah sangat dianjurkan pada hari-hari yang memiliki keutamaan. Adakalanya terdapat di setiap tahun, setiap bulan ataupun setiap pekan.
Puasa Sunnah Tahunan
Puasa sunnah tahunan artinya puasa sunnah yang hanya berlaku setahun sekali. Antara lain ialah:
- Puasa hari ‘Arafah (9 Dzul-Hijjah)
- Puasa hari ‘Asyura (10 Muharram)
- Puasa sepuluh hari pertama bulan Dzul-Hijjah
- Puasa sepuluh hari pertama bulan Muharram
Selain itu, al-asyhur al-hurum atau bulan-bulan yang disucikan (yakni Zulqaidah, Dzul-Hijjah, Muharram dan Rajab) juga merupakan saat-saat yang dianjurkan puasa sunnah seberapa sanggup.
Semua itu adalah waktu-waktu yang memiliki keutamaan. Demikian pula bulan Sya’ban. Telah diriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah saw memperbanyak puasa di bulan Sya’ban sehingga seolah-olah sama dengan bulan Ramadhan.
Puasa Sunnah Bulan-Bulan Utama
Yang dimaksud dengan bulan-bulan utama adalah disunnahkan berpuasa pada bulan-bulan tersebut karena keutamaannya yang berlimpah antara lain:
- Zulhijjah
- Muharram
- Rajab
- Sya’ban.
Puasa Sunnah Bulanan
Puasa Sunnah Mingguan
Puasa sunnah mingguan adalah puasa sunnah yang dianjurkan pada setiap pekan. Adapun hari-hari puasa yang berulang setiap pekan yaitu puasa sunnah hari senin dan kamis.
Inilah hari-hari utama yang dianjurkan berpuasa padanya, di samping memperbanyak perbuatan-perbuatan kebajikan.
Hal ini mengingat dilipatgandakan pahalanya karena keberkahan waktu-waktu tersebut dan kerana mengikut kepada rasullullah yang selalu mnegerjakan puasa senin kamis tersebut.
Puasa Nabi Daud a.s
Puasa nabi daud adalah puasa sunnah sebagaimana yang dilakuakn oleh nabi Daud a.s yaitu puasa sehari dan tidak puasa sehari.
Rasulullah saw bersabda :
Sebaik-baik puasa ialah berpuasa seperti yang dilakukan saudaraku nabi Daud, ia berpuasa satu hari dan berbuka satu hari (H.R Bukhari dan Muslim dari Abdullah bin ‘amr)
Dalam salah satu riwayat disebutkan bahwa Nabi saw. tidak pernah puasa sebulan penuh kecuali Ramadhan. (H.R Bukhari dan Muslim dari ‘Aisyah)
Bagi yang tidak sanggup berpuasa seperti puasa nabi daud cukup baginya puasa sepertiganya. yaitu berpuasa sehari dan tidak berpuasa dua hari.
Selain itu, apabila ia melakukan puasa tiga hari pada permulaan bulan, tiga hari pada pertengahannya dan tiga hari pada akhirnya, maka yang demikian itu sudah merupakan sepertiga bulan.
Jika seseorang berpuasa pada setiap hari senin dan kamis maka ia sudah hampir berpuasa sepertiga tahun.
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