Pengertian fasakh adalah jatuhnya talak melalui keputusan hakim atas dasar pengaduan atau gugatan sang istri, sementara hakim mempertimbangkan kelayakan pengaduannya, bila suami tidak mau menjatuhkan talak.
Perceraian dalam bentuk fasakh ini tetap bisa terjadi apabila :
– Terdapat aib (cacat) pada salah satu pihak, seperti suami impotent, berpenyakit kusta dan lain sebagainya.
– Suami tidak mau memberikan nafkah.
– Menikahi dua saudara menjadi istri.
– Penganiayaan yang berat pada fisik.
– Sang suami murtad (keluar dari agama Islam) atau hilang tidak jelas baik hidup maupun mati.
Adapun Khuluk adalah talak yang dijatuhkan suami karena menyetujui atau memenuhi permintaan si istri, dengan jalan si istri membayar tebusan.
Tebusan tersebut bisa berupa pengembalian mahar atau harta lainnya yang mana telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak. Talak khuluk diperbolehkan sekalipun saat istri dalam keadaan haid.
Para ahli punya pendapat yang berbeda dalam hal apakah sahnya khuluk itu diisyaratkan istri harus nusyuz atau tidak.
Menurut ulama Zhahiriyyah dan Ibnu Mundzir berpendapat bahwa khuluk dianggap sah apabila si istri nusyuz.
Sedangkan menurut imam Syafi’i dan Abu hanifah berpendapat bahwa khuluk tetap sah sekalipun istri tidak nusyuz.
Sebagaimana halnya dengan hukum talak, khuluk pun ada yang wajib, haram, mubah, makruh, dan sunnah.
Khuluk wajib hukumnya bila suami tidak mampu memberikan nafkah lahir dan batin, sedangkan si istri merasa tersiksa dengan keadaan suaminya.
Khuluk haram hukumnya jika mengandung maksud untuk menyengsarakan istri dan anaknya.
Adapun mubah hukumnya bila ada kepentingan yang membolehkan si istri menempuh jalan lain. Makruh hukumnya bila tidak ada keperluan untuk itu.
Sedangkan khuluk menjadi sunnah jika dengan khuluk tersebut dimaksud untuk mencapai kemaslahatan atau jalan terbaik bagi keduanya, si istri dan si suami.
Status talak karena khuluk sama halnya dengan talak ba’in shughra.
Artinya, mantan suami tidak berhak untuk merujuk kembali kepada mantan istrinya, kecuali dengan menikah kembali dengan keharusan memenuhi syarat dan rukun nikah sebagaimana mestinya.
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