Jawazim fi’il mudhari’ artinya hal-hal atau faktor faktor yang membuat fi’il mudhari’ mejadi jazam. Adakalanya menjazam satu fi’il dan adapula menjazam dua fi’il.
Yang Menjazam Satu Fi’il Mudhari’ ada 8 :
• لمْ
• لمّا
• ألمْ
• ألمّا
• لام الأمر
• لا في النهي
• لام الدعاء (طلب )
• “لا” في الدعاء
• لَمْ يَضْرِبْ
I’rabnya :
لمْ = Huruf nafi, jazam dan qalab, kerjanya menjazam fi’il mudhari’.
يضْرِبْ = Fi’il mudhari’ majzum dengan huruf lam, tandanya sukun.
• لَمَّا يَفتَحْ زيدٌ
• {أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ ًصَدْرَكَ {الشرح:1
• أَلَمَّا يأتِ الجُنْدُ
I’rabnya :
أَلَمَّا = Instrumen jazam, qalab dan nafi.
يأتِ = Fi’il mudhari’ majzum dengan Alamma, tanda jazamnya buang huruf yaa. Asalnya ( ياْتِي ).
الجُنْدُ = Faa’il, hukum faa’il marfu’, tanda rafa’nya dhummah.
• {لِيُنْفِقْ ذُوْ سَعَةٍ {الطلاق:7
• {وَنَادَوْا يَامَالِكُ لِيَقْضِ عَلَيْنَا رَبّكَ {الزخرف:77
لِيَقْضِ = ‘Lam’ huruf lam do’a. Fi’il mudhari’nya majzum dengan huruf lam tersebut, tandanya buang huruf yaa. Asalnya (لِيَقْضِى ).
• {رَبّنَا لَا تُأَخِذْنَا {البقرة:286
Perlu Diperhatikan bahwa
1. Tidak semua fi’il mudhari’ majzum dengan tanda sukun.
2. Jika fi’il mudhari’ tersebut mu’tal atau ada huruf illahnya maka tandanya denga dibuang huruf illah.
3. Huruf illah ada 3 : ا – و – ي
Yang Menjazam Dua Fi’il Mudhari’ Ada 12. Disebut Juga Dengan Huruf Syarat :
• إنْ
• مَا
• منْ
• مَهْمَا
• إذْمَا
• أي
• متَى
• أيَّنا
• أيْن
• أنَّى
• حَيْثُمَا
• كَيْفَما
Contoh (Lihat Secara Berurutan) :
• إنْ يقُمْ زيدٌ تَقُمْ فَاطِمَةٌ
I’rabnya :
إنْ = Huruf syarat, kerjanya menjazam fi’il mudhari’.
يقُمْ = Fi’il mudhari’ syarat majzum dengan huruf syarat in, tandanya sukun.
زيدٌ = Faa’il marfu’, alamat rafa’nya dhummah yang dhahir pada akhirnya.
تَقُمْ = Fi’il mudhari’ jawab syarat, majzum dengan huruf syarat in karena huruf tersebut menjazam dua fi’il mudhari’.
فَاطِمَةٌ = Faa’il marfu’, alamat rafa’nya dhummah yang dhahir pada akhirnya.
• وما تفْعَلُوْا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللّهُ
I’rabnya :
تفْعَلُوْا = Fi’il mudhari’ majzum dengan huruf syarat, termasuk dari af’alul khomsah sehingga tanda jazamnya dengan dibuangnya huruf nun. Asalnya (تفْعَلُون).
• مَنْ يَضْرَعْ يَحْصُدْ
• مَهْما تَقُمْ أَقُمْ
• إِذْمَا تجْلِسْ أجْلِسْ
• أَيَّنَا تجْلِسْ أجْلِسْ
• {أَيْنَ ما تَكُوْنُوْا يَاْتِ بِكُمُ اللّهُ {البقرة:148
I’rabnya :
تَكُوْنُوْا = Fi’il mudhari’ majzum dengan huruf syarat, fi’il ini termasuk dalam af’alul khomsah sehingga tanda jazamnya dengan dibuangnya huruf nun. Asalnya ( تَكُوْنُوْنَ ).
يَاْتِ = Fi’il ini termasuk dalam fi’il mu’tal akhir sehingga tanda jazamnya dengan dibuang huruf ‘illah. Asalnya ( يَاْتي ).
• أَنَّى تَحْضُرْ أَحْضُرْ
• حَيْثُما تَسْتَقِمْ يُقَدِّرْ
• كَيْفَما تجْلِسْ أجْلِسْ
KAIDAH DAN PEDOMAN
1. Huruf-huruf di atas yang menjazam 2 fi’il, fi’il pertama disebut fi’il syarat, sedangkan fi’il yang kedua adalah fi’il jawab syarat.
2. Jatuhnya hujum jazam jika 2 fi’il yang di jazam kedua-duanya fi’il mudhari’.
Sumber
Kitab Syarah Aj-Jurumiyah
Kitab Tahrirul Aqwal
Kamus Al-Ma’any
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