Hubungan Fiqh Lughah dengan Ilmu Pendidikan
Pengertian pendidikan secara umum adalah setiap sesuatu yang mempengaruhi dalam pembentukan seseorang baik dari segi jasmani, rohani, dan akhlak sejak lahir hingga akhir hayat.[1] Sedangkan pengertian pendidikan secara khusus adalah setiap media yang digunakan oleh manusia untuk pertumbuhan badan dan akal seorang anak dan membentuk akhlaknya.[2] Maka, ilmu pendidikan adalah ilmu yang mempelajari segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan proses pendidikan oleh orang dewasa kepada orang yang belum dewasa, baik secara teori maupun dalam praktek langsung.
Dalam tujuannya, ilmu lughah dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk mengusai ilmu-ilmu lain, termasuk ilmu pendidikan. Oleh karena pendidikan prosesnya sepanjang hidup maka ilmu pendidikan punya dimensi kajian yang sangat luas tentunya.
Adapun kaitannya dengan ilmu lughah sangat banyak, salah satunya adalah bahasa yang digunakan dalam proses keilmuwan untuk mempelajari dan mengamalkan ilmu pendidikan, dengan mengetahui hukum bahasa dan objeknya bahkan suara dan intonasi bahasa tentu akan nilai-nilai dalam ilmu pendidikan tersampaikan dengan baik dan benar serta tepat sasaran.
Contohnya dalam ilmu pendidikan ada yang namanya mempelajari cara atau metode memindahkan ilmu dari seorang guru ke jiwa peserta didik, salah satu media yang sangat krusial dan paling umum digunakan adalah suara. Maka, dengan mempelajari objek bahasa, suara dan intonasinya yang terdapat di dalam ilmu lughah tentu seorang guru yang baik bisa mengetahui dan membedakan cara menyampaikan ilmu dengan bahasa yang tepat kepada anak-anak, remaja, dan kepada orang dewasa.
Disamping itu, ilmu lughah juga berkaitan dan berperan penting dalam perkembangan bahasa yang digunakan dalam istilah-istilah ilmu pendidikan baik dari segi etimologi maupun dari segi epistimologi.
Hubungan Ilmu Lughah dengan Ilmu Filsafat
Seorang ahli filsafat pernah berkata bahwa semua orang punya filosofinya masing-masing baik jelmaan dari suatu aliran filsafat dari filusuf atau muncul dari dirinya sendiri. Maka, salah satu tugas umum ilmu filsafat adalah untuk memeriksa dan menyelidiki semua filosofi tersebut secara kritis dan mendalam.
Filsafat melalui cara berpikirnya yang ketat, mengajarkan orang untuk meneliti, mendiskusikan, dan menguji kebenaran dan akuntabilitas setiap pemikiran dan gagasan. Singkatnya, menjadikan kesemuanya itu bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara intelektual dan ilmiah.[3]
Masalahnya, Sebagian ilmu filsafat barat ada yang dikonversi kepada ilmu filsafat islam, maka peran ilmu lughah sangat krusial dalam hal ini, karena proses konversi tersebut tidak lepas dari peran bahasa yang dialihkan ke dalam bahasa Arab, sangat banyak konten-konten dalam ilmu lughah yang diterapkan dalam proses konversi ilmu filsafat Yunani ke filsafat Islam, seperti struktural kalimat, perbedaan lahjah, dalil-dalil dan makna lafaz, termasuk juga perkembangan lafaz yang disesuaikan.
Salah satu fungsi ilmu filsafat adalah mempelajari bagaimana cara individu atau kelompok dalam merangkai kebijaksanaan dan mengambil pertimbangan yang baik dari yang terbaik, keterkaitan fiqh lughah disini adalah sebagai salah satu kompenen dalam kebijaksanaan, pemahaman bahasa yang baik dan mendasar sangat penting dalam menimbang segala sesuatu serta dalam menyaring informasi yang benar. Sebaliknya pemahaman bahasa yang buruk akan mengakibatkan kecacatan dalam berfikir dan mengambil keputusan.
- Mahmud Yunus dan M. Qasim Bakr, At-tarbiyyah wa At-ta’lim (Ponorogo: Darussalam Publisher, Tidak ada tahun), hal. 7.
- Ibid, hal. 8
- Haidar Bagir, Buku Saku Filsafat Islam (Bandung: Mizan, 2006), hal. 39
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