Makna Ilmu Dalam Bahasa Arab
Ilmu ( العلم ) maknanya ( الإدراك ) yang artinya menjangkau, memahami, merasa, menyadari, mengetahui atau mengenali.
Perbedaan ilmu dan makrifah adalah : Ilmu menjangkau keseluruhan dari pada dalil sedangkan makrifah menjangkau bagian-bagian dari pada dalil.
Apa itu Ilmu Tasfsir?
Etimologi Tafsir
Kata tafsir ( التفسير ) berasal dari kata bahasa arab yang merujuk pada lafaz ( الإيضح ) yang berarti “penjelasan”, atau lafadh ( التبيُن ) yang berarti “jelas”.
Kata tafsir sendiri berasal dari fi’il ( فسّر – يٌفسِّر – تفسيرًا ) yang berarti “ Menjelaskan”.
Jika dilihat di banyak kamus :
Kata tafsir ( التفسير ) merujuk kepada kata ( الفسر ) artinya : Menerangkan, Menyingkap tabir.
Dalam Lisanul ‘Arab kata tafsir ( التفسير ) bermakna : Menyingkap atau mengungkap maksud dari lafaz-lafaz yang sulit dimengerti.
Epistimologi Ilmu Tafsir
Kata tafsir ( التفسير ) menurut ulama tafsir dan para mufassir lainnya adalah : Ilmu untuk memahami Kitabullah (Al-Qur’an Al-Karim) yang diturunkan kepada nabi Muhammad SAW dengan cara menjelaskan makna-maknanya, serta mengeluarkan hukum-humuk dan hikmah dari ayat dan makna tersebut. Begitu kata imam Az-zarkasyi dalm kitab Al-Itqan.
Jadi, Ilmu tafsir adalah ilmu yang membahas dan mempelajari tentang cara memahami Al-Quran untuk mengetahui makna dan mengeluarkan hukum dan hikmah dari ayat dan makna yang terkandung di dalamnya.
Termasuk juga objek kajian dalam ilmu tafsir adalah hadist atau disebut juga ilmu tafsir hadist.
Apa itu Ilmu Hadist?
Etimologi Hadist
Kata “hadist” secara bahasa lawan dari kata lama, old (tua), masa lalu, yang telah lalu.
Hadist jika dilhat dalam beberapa kamus juga merujuk kepada kata khabar dan jadid (baru).
Epistimologi Ilmu Hadist
Hadist adalah segala sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada nabi Muhammad SAW, baik itu perkataan, perbuatan, keputusan atau diamnya termasuk juga tingkah laku dan kebiasaan.
Maka, Ilmu hadist adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang segala sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada Rasulullah SAW baik itu perkataan, perbuatan, keputusan, tingkah laku atau kebiasaan.
Termasuk juga pembahasan dalam ilmu hadist mengenai khabar yang berhubungan kepada para sahabat dan tabi’in.
Apa itu Ilmu Nahwu?
Secara bahasa kata nahwu ( النحو ) berarti : maksud, contoh, arah, condong, aspek dan jalan.
Ilmu nahwu adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang keadaan akhir dari sebuah kata dalam bahasa Arab baik dalam keadaan i’rab (berubah) atau pun bina (tetap).
Lebih spesifiknya ilmu nahwu membahas dan mengupas baris atau posisi sebuah kata dalam kalimat bahasa Arab.
Pakar atau ulama nahwu disebut ( النحة ).
Perbedaannya
Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa ilmu tafsir adalah ilmu untuk memahami ayat Al-quran dengan benar untuk mengungkap hukum dan hikmah darinya sedangkan ilmu hadist mempelajari tentang keadaan nabi Muhammad SAW naik itu perkataan, perbuatan, keputusan, diam dan lain lain untuk menjadi petunjuk atau dalil dalam kehidupan seorang muslim, sedangkan ilmu nahwu adalah ilmu yang mempelajari posisi dan baris akhir suatu kata dalam kalimat bahasa Arab.
Sumber :
Kitab Manhaju An-naqdi Fi Ulumil Hadist
Kitab Ilmu Tafsir Karangan Dr. Muhammad Husain Az-zahabi
Kitab Al-Itqan
Kamus Al-wasith
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